Assessing the Level of Port Connectivity in Nigeria:

An Analysis of Ports Managed by the Nigerian Ports Authority

Abstract

Port connectivity is a critical determinant of maritime trade efficiency and national economic competitiveness. This study assesses the level of port connectivity in Nigeria, with particular reference to ports managed by the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA). Using secondary time series data from 2000 to 2024 obtained from the NPA, the National Bureau of Statistics, the Central Bank of Nigeria, and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the study employs descriptive statistics, trend analysis, and econometric modeling. The theoretical framework is anchored on Network Theory, Transport Infrastructure Theory, and Port Economics Theory. Findings reveal that Nigeria's Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI) has experienced a declining trend despite increases in cargo throughput and trade volumes, indicating that port connectivity is not keeping pace with trade growth. About 74% of variations in Nigeria's LSCI are explained by factors including TEU container shipping volumes, cargo throughput, ship traffic calls, port charges, service time experiences, and delays experienced by shippers and ship operators. The study concludes that Nigeria's port connectivity remains suboptimal compared to regional peers, with average vessel turnaround of five to seven days compared to two to three days in Lomé and three to four days in Tema. Recommendations include accelerated infrastructure modernization, digitalization of port operations, enhanced hinterland connectivity, and implementation of the National Single Window to improve Nigeria's port connectivity and competitiveness.